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The solar rooftop system has a structure in which different modules are fitted. Depending on the presence or absence of a power grid, the structure slightly changes. The major components are - Solar panels, a mounting structure, & an Inverter. After the installation of solar project, it works as follows -

• The solar rays fall on the solar panels module and the solar energy is converted into DC (Direct Current) electrical energy by the solar panels.
• This energy is converted into AC (Alternate Current) power by the inverter unit which is connected to the grid system.
• The AC power is then measured by a metering unit and sent to the unity grid and houses (If used for local consumption).

The solar water heater is used for heating water. In any season we can get hot water for free, just by installing a water heater. It works on the principle of natural circulation. There is a copper coil in the water tank which is responsible for exchanging heat and receiving hot water. When the cold water flows through the tank and the copper coil, the heat is transferred and water gets heated.

Heat pumps are used in both ways heating and cooling effect. The structure depicts an evaporator, condenser, expansion valve and compressor. The liquid refrigerant is pumped through an expansion device to the first coil, the evaporator coil. Air from the house is blown and the heat is absorbed by the refrigerant and it gets evaporated into gas form. This gas gets compressed by a compressor and again gets heated up. It is then sent to the outdoor unit and then sent to a condenser. Condenser coils are in cooling mode. As the air outside the condenser is cooler than the refrigerant, heat is transferred to the outside air. Expansion valve then depressurizes the refrigerant and it gets cooled. Thus cool air is provided and the heat pump acts as a cooler. Heat pump as a heater has exactly opposite functions. Evaporator acts as a condenser and the condenser acts as an evaporator.

The solar water pumping system has a structure that includes solar PV panels , pumping system, and a water tank. The solar PV panels convert the solar energy into electrical energy and this energy is given to the pumping system of the structure. The pumping system draws water from the tank or any water source using this electricity.